Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/63.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 14.2 KB | 449 lines

@node Geography (Cyprus)
@section Geography (Cyprus)

@display

Location:
  in the eastern Mediterreanean Sea, 97 km west of Syria and 64 km west of
  Turkey
Map references:
  Africa, Middle East, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  9,250 km2
 land area:
  9,240 km2
 comparative area:
  about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut
Land boundaries:
  0 km
Coastline:
  648 km
Maritime claims:
 continental shelf:
  200 m depth or to depth of exploitation
 territorial sea:
  12 nm
International disputes:
  1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto autonomous areas, a
  Greek area controlled by the Cypriot Government (60% of the island's land
  area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (35% of the island) that are separated by a
  narrow UN buffer zone; in addition, there are two UK sovereign base areas
  (about 5% of the island's land area)
Climate:
  temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters
Terrain:
  central plain with mountains to north and south
Natural resources:
  copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
Land use:
 arable land:
  40%
 permanent crops:
  7%
 meadows and pastures:
  10%
 forest and woodland:
  18%
 other:
  25%
Irrigated land:
  350 km2 (1989)
Environment:
  moderate earthquake activity; water resource problems (no natural reservoir
  catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, and most potable resources
  concentrated in the Turkish-Cypriot area)



@end display

@node People (Cyprus)
@section People (Cyprus)

@display

Population:
  723,371 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:   0.94% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  17.14 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  7.74 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  9.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  75.98 years
 male:
  73.75 years
 female:
  78.31 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  2.34 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Cypriot(s)
 adjective:
  Cypriot
Ethnic divisions:
  Greek 78%, Turkish 18%, other 4%
Religions:
  Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other 4%
Languages:
  Greek, Turkish, English
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1987)
 total population:
  94%
 male:
  98%
 female:
  91%
Labor force:
 Greek area:
  282,000
 by occupation:
  services 57%, industry 29%, agriculture 14% (1991)
 Turkish area:
  72,000
 by occupation:
  services 57%, industry 22%, agriculture 21% (1991)



@end display

@node Government (Cyprus)
@section Government (Cyprus)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of Cyprus
 conventional short form:
  Cyprus
Digraph:
  CY
Type:
  republic
 note:
  a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began
  after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further
  solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which
  gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots
  control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983
  Turkish Cypriot President Rauf DENKTASH declared independence and the
  formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), which has been
  recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly call for the resolution of
  intercommunal differences and creation of a new federal system of government
Capital:
  Nicosia
Administrative divisions:
  6 districts; Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos
Independence:
  16 August 1960 (from UK)
Constitution:
  16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised
  constitution to govern the island and to better relations between Greek and
  Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently; in 1975 Turkish Cypriots
  created their own Constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish
  Federated State of Cyprus," which was renamed the "Turkish Republic of
  Northern Cyprus" in 1983; a new Constitution for the Turkish area passed by
  referendum in May 1985
Legal system:
  based on common law, with civil law modifications
National holiday:
  Independence Day, 1 October (15 November is celebrated as Independence Day
  in the Turkish area)
Political parties and leaders:
 Greek Cypriot:
  Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL; Communist Party), Dimitrios
  CHRISTOFIAS; Democratic Rally (DISY), Glafkos CLERIDES; Democratic Party
  (DIKO), Spyros KYPRIANOU; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK),
  Vassos LYSSARIDIS; Socialist Democratic Renewal Movement (ADISOK), Mikhalis
  PAPAPETROU; Liberal Party, Nikos ROLANDIS; Free Democrats, George VASSILIOU
 Turkish area:
  National Unity Party (UBP), Dervis EROGLU; Communal Liberation Party (TKP),
  Mustafa AKINCI; Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker OZGUR; New Cyprus
  Party (YKP), Alpay DURDURAN; Social Democratic Party (SDP), Ergun VEHBI; New
  Birth Party (YDP), Ali Ozkan ALTINISHIK; Free Democratic Party (HDP), Ismet
  KOTAK; Nationalist Justice Party (MAP), Zorlu TORE; United Sovereignty
  Party, Arif Salih KIRDAG; Democratic Party (DP), Hakki ATUN; Fatherland
  Party (VP), Orhan UCOK; CTP, TKP, and YDP joined in the coalition Democratic
  Struggle Party (DMP) for the 22 April 1990 legislative election; the CTP and
  TKP boycotted the byelection of 13 October 1991, in which 12 seats were at
  stake; the DMP was dissolved after the 1990 election



@end display

@node Government (Cyprus 2. usage)
@section Government (Cyprus 2. usage)

@display

Other political or pressure groups:
  United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of
  Cyprus Farmers (EKA; Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK;
  pro-West); Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled);
  Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK; pro-West); Federation of Turkish
  Cypriot Labor Unions (Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions
  (Dev-Is)
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
Elections:
 President:
  last held 14 February 1993 (next to be held February 1998); results -
  Glafkos CLERIDES 50.3%, George VASSILIOU 49.7%
 House of Representatives:
  last held 19 May 1991; results - DISY 35.8%, AKEL (Communist) 30.6%, DIKO
  19.5%, EDEK 10. 9%; others 3.2%; seats - (56 total) DISY 20, AKEL
  (Communist) 18, DIKO 11, EDEK 7
 Turkish Area: President:
  last held 22 April 1990 (next to be held April 1995); results - Rauf R.
  DENKTASH 66%, Ismail BOZKURT 32.05%
 Turkish Area: Assembly of the Republic:
  last held 6 May 1990 (next to be held May 1995); results - UBP
  (conservative) 54.4%, DMP 44.4% YKP 0.9%; seats - (50 total) UBP
  (conservative) 45, SDP 1, HDP 2, YDP 2; note - by-election of 13 October
  1991 was for 12 seats; DP delegates broke away from the UBP and formed their
  own party after the last election; seats as of July 1992 UBP 34, SPD 1, HDP
  1, YDP 2, DP 10, independents 2
Executive branch:
  president, Council of Ministers (cabinet); note - there is a president,
  prime minister, and Council of Ministers (cabinet) in the Turkish area
Legislative branch:
  unicameral House of Representatives (Vouli Antiprosopon); note - there is a
  unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Cumhuriyet Meclisi) in the Turkish area
Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court; note - there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish area
Leaders:
 Chief of State and Head of Government:
  President Glafkos CLERIDES (since 28 February 1993)
 note:
  Rauf R. DENKTASH has been president of the Turkish area since 13 February
  1975; Dervish EROGLU has been prime minister of the Turkish area since 20
  July 1985
Member of:
  C, CCC, CE, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,
  IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO,
  ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
  WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Michael E. SHERIFIS
 chancery:
  2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
 telephone:
  [phone]
 consulate general:
  New York  note:
  Representative of the Turkish area in the US is Namik KORMAN, office at 1667
  K Street, NW, Washington DC, telephone [phone]



@end display

@node Government (Cyprus 3. usage)
@section Government (Cyprus 3. usage)

@display

US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Robert E. LAMB
 embassy:
  corner of Therissos Street and Dositheos Street, Nicosia
 mailing address:
  APO AE 09836
 telephone:
  [357] (2) 465151
 FAX:
  [357] (2) 459-571
Flag:
  white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is
  derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive
  branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for
  peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities
 note:
  the Turkish cypriot flag has a horizontal red stripe at the top and bottom
  with a red crescent and red star on a white field



@end display

@node Economy (Cyprus)
@section Economy (Cyprus)

@display

Overview:
  The Greek Cypriot economy is small, diversified, and prosperous. Industry
  contributes 16.5% to GDP and employs 29% of the labor force, while the
  service sector contributes 62% to GDP and employs 57% of the labor force.
  Rapid growth in exports of agricultural and manufactured products and in
  tourism have played important roles in the average 6.8% rise in GDP between
  1986 and 1990. This progress was temporarily checked in 1991, because of the
  adverse effects of the Gulf War on tourism. Nevertheless in mid-1991, the
  World Bank "graduated" Cyprus off its list of developing countries. In
  contrast to the bright picture in the south, the Turkish Cypriot economy has
  less than half the per capita GDP and suffered a series of reverses in 1991.
  Crippled by the effects of the Gulf war, the collapse of the
  fruit-to-electronics conglomerate, Polly Peck, Ltd., and a drought, the
  Turkish area in late 1991 asked for a multibillion-dollar grant from Turkey
  to help ease the burden of the economic crisis. In addition, the Turkish
  government extended a $100 million loan in November 1992 to be used for
  economic development projects in 1993. Turkey normally underwrites a
  substantial portion of the Turkish Cypriot economy.
National product:
 Greek area:
  GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $6.3 billion (1992)
 Turkish area:
  GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $600 million (1990)
National product real growth rate:  Greek area:
  6.5% (1992)
 Turkish area:
  5.9% (1990)
National product per capita:
 Greek area:
  $11,000 (1992)
 Turkish area:
  $4,000 (1990)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
 Greek area:
  5.1% (1991)
 Turkish area:
  69.4% (1990)
Unemployment rate:
 Greek area:
  2.4% (1991)
 Turkish area:
  1.5% (1991)
Budget:
  revenues $1.7 billion; expenditures $2.2 billion, including capital
  expenditures of $350 million (1993)
Exports:
  $875 million (f.o.b., 1991)
 commodities:
  citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and shoes
 partners:
  UK 23%, Greece 10%, Lebanon 10%, Germany 5%
Imports:
  $2.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
 commodities:
  consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery
 partners:
  UK 13%, Japan 12%, Italy 10%, Germany 9.1%



@end display

@node Economy (Cyprus 2. usage)
@section Economy (Cyprus 2. usage)

@display

External debt:
  $1.9 billion (1991)
Industrial production:
  growth rate 0.4% (1991); accounts for 16.5% of GDP
Electricity:
  620,000 kW capacity; 1,770 million kWh produced, 2,530 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
  food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood products
Agriculture:
  contributes 6% to GDP and employs 14% of labor force in the south; major
  crops - potatoes, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, citrus fruits;
  vegetables and fruit provide 25% of export revenues
Illicit drugs:
  transit point for heroin via air routes and container traffic to Europe,
  especially from Lebanon and Turkey
Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $292 million; Western (non-US)
  countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $250 million; OPEC
  bilateral aid (1979-89), $62 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $24
  million
Currency:
  1 Cypriot pound (#C) = 100 cents; 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus
Exchange rates:
  NA
Fiscal year:
  calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Cyprus)
@section Communications (Cyprus)

@display

Highways:
  10,780 km total; 5,170 km paved; 5,610 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth
Ports:
  Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos
Merchant marine:
  1,299 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,045,037 GRT/37,119,933 DWT;
  includes 10 short-sea passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 463 cargo, 77
  refrigerated cargo, 24 roll-on/roll-off, 70 container, 4 multifunction large
  load carrier, 110 oil tanker, 3 specialized tanker, 3 liquefied gas, 26
  chemical tanker, 32 combination ore/oil, 422 bulk, 3 vehicle carrier, 48
  combination bulk, 1 railcar carrier, 2 passenger; note - a flag of
  convenience registry; Cuba owns 27 of these ships, Russia owns 36, Latvia
  also has 7 ships, Croatia owns 2, and Romania 5
Airports:
 total:
  13
 usable:
  13
 with permanent-surface runways:
  10
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  7
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  1
Telecommunications:
  excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek
  area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones;
  largely open-wire and microwave radio relay; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 8
  FM, 1 (34 repeaters) TV in Greek sector and 2 AM, 6 FM and 1 TV in Turkish
  sector; international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables,
  and satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean
  INTELSAT and EUTELSAT earth stations



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Cyprus)
@section Defense Forces (Cyprus)

@display

Branches:
 Greek area:
  Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; including air and naval elements), Greek
  Cypriot Police
 Turkish area:
  Turkish Cypriot Security Force
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 185,371; fit for military service 127,536; reach military
  age (18) annually 5,085 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $209 million, 5% of GDP (1990 est.)



@end display